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Presentation On Factors Affecting The Rate Of Reaction (Part 2)

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Published in: Chemistry | Science
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This PPT is suitable for the IGCSE and O Level Chemistry students. It only provides theoretical background of the topic. The practice questions, worksheets and topical questions will be discussed during the tutoring sessions

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  1. Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction (Part 2) Chemistry (IGCSE / O-Level)
  2. What will you learn in this lesson? • Effect on the rate of reaction of using a catalyst or enzyme • Practical methods for investigating the rate of a reaction including change in mass of a reactant or a product and the formation of a gas
  3. Catalyst • A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemica reaction. It remains chemically unchanged at the end of reaction. • Catalysts can be reused • A small quantity largely impacts the rate of reaction
  4. Presence of Catalyst and Reaction Rate Formation of oxygen at room temperature is very slow. Addition of powdered manganese(lV) oxide, Mn02, can act as a catalyst hydrogen peroxide water 2H202(1) 2H20(1) + 02(g) hydrøgen Figure 8.14 a: for me on the decomposition of hydrogal peroxide to water and oxygen. b: The Osappear
  5. Presence of Catalyst and Reaction Rate ;zagx::::::::: Increa<ng fre amount of catalyst increases the rate of reaction. If the Mn02 powder is more finely divided, the reaction may also speed up
  6. Enzymes Protein molecules that act as biological catalysts are called enzymes How Enzymes Work https://www.youtube.com/wa tch VeoXYjlBtl
  7. Enzymes (contd.) The general features of enzymes: • enzymes are proteins • they are very specific: each enzyme controls one reaction or reaction type they are generally sensitive to temperature: enzymes are Inactivated (denatured) by heat (most stop working above 45 00 • Oley are sensitive to pH: most enzymes work best in neutral conditions around pH 7' Biological washing powders use enzymes to remove biological stains such as blood, sweat and food. The enzymes in these powders are those that breakdown protein and fats.
  8. Different Practical Methods for Evaluating Reaction Rate The rate can be measured in terms of either: • How quickly a reactant is used up (More complex method) • How quickly a product is formed For reactions that do not produce gas, the change in reactants can be found by one of the following: • A change in color • A change in electrical conductivity • A change in the pH
  9. Different Practical Methods for Evaluating Reaction Rate (contd.) Rate of reactions involving formation of gas can be found using gas syringe (alternate method is to use inverted measuring cylinder over water) or uslng a (use of balance is not suitable for lighter gases such as hydrogen)
  10. Different Practical Methods for Evaluating Reaction Rate (contd.) When evaluating an experiment, you should consider, The accuracy of the measuring apparatus used The number of times an experiment can be repeated for the surety of result • How easy it is to control the variables, for e.g., an electric water bath should be used instead of Bunsen burner to maintain the temperature

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