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Abu Dhabi

Presentation On Energy (2)

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Published in: Physics
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This PPT is suitable for the IGCSE and O Level Physics students. It only provides theoretical background of the topic. The practice questions, worksheets and topical questions will be discussed during the tutoring sessions

Tahzeeb I / Dubai

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Qualification: Masters in Telecommunications Engineering

Teaches: Advanced Maths, Basic Computer, Coding & Programming, Mathematics, Matlab, Physics, Engineering, Chemistry, Computer Science, Maths

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  1. Energy (Part 2) Physics (IGCSE / O-Level)
  2. What will you learn in this lesson? • Energy flow diagrams and energy equations • Sankey diagrams • Energy efficiency • Energy calculations (g.p.e. and k.e.)
  3. Energy Flow Diagrams* Scuba divers use flashlights at night underwater battery Which form of energy should be reduced to increase efficiency of flashlight? liehtbulb radiaüoo 01 em a f energy transfer: • For IGCSE students dings
  4. Energy Flow Diagrams* Charging of mobile phone phmø • For IGCSE students
  5. Energy Equation* Launching of rocket from earth station chemical energy k.e. + g.p.e. + thermal energy + light energy + sound energy Which of the above energy stores we do not want to increase? what energy transfers are going on In the followlng? In each case, Write an equation to represent me energy transfer. a coal is burned to heat a room and to provide supply of hot water. b A student uses electric lamp while she is doing her homework. c A hair is connected to the mains electricity supply. It blows hot air at the user's wet hair. It whirrs as it does so. • For IGCSE students
  6. Sankey Diagram* A flow diagram that represents the principle of conservation of energy. The width of the arrows is proportional to the energy. chemical energy k.e. + g.p.e. + thermal energy + light energy + sound energy chemical (stored, In fuel and kinetic energy gravitational potential internal energy of the surroundings • For IGCSE students The width of the arrows show the amount of energy transfer
  7. Sankey Diagram (contd.) * Sankey Diagram of blocks being dragged up a ramp while constructing pyramids chemical energy store ofthe Egyptian workers Increased gp.e. store of the blocks increased internal energy of the surroundings Which unwanted energies increased the internal energy of surroundings? • For IGCSE students
  8. Energy Efficiency Efficiency is the fraction (or percentage) of energy supplied that is usefully transferred The most common types of energy wastages are heat and sound. They are also referred to as low-grade energy. Device electric heater large electric motor washing machine motor gas-fired power station diesel engine car petrol engine steam locomotive Typical efficiency
  9. Energy Efficiency (contd.) efficiency = percentage emciency x 100% toed energ percentage effidency = usoful PWer ourput ioial i14-gut uuseful power output x 100% Lot-al Calculate the efficiency of both the lamps as they give equal amounts of useful light energy 15 J 250 energyeffeient waste heat 10 J waste heat lamp
  10. Energy Calculations • Gravitational Potential Energy An object's gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) depends on two factors: • the object's weight mg — the greater its weight, the greater its g.p.e. • the object's height h above ground level — the greater its height, the greater its g.p.e. change in g.p.e. AEp g.p.e. —O weight x change in height mgAh g.p.e. gO.e. 40 N x 2.6m 1000 1 40 N
  11. Energy Calculations (contd.) • Gravitational Potential Energy (contd.) When calculation g.p.e. we should consider the following: • The vertical height through which the object moves • It is the change in height of the object's center of gravity What happens to the height in g.p.e. when pole-vaulter adopts the curved posture to get over the bar?
  12. Energy Calculations (contd.) • Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy (k.e.) of an object depends on two factors: • the object's mass m — the greater the mass, the greater its k.e. • the object's speed v — the greater the speed, the greater its k.e. kinetic en«gy 2 x m. x Kinetic energy (like all forms of energy) is a scalar quantity, despite the fact that it involves v i.e. speed not velocity Why a car's fuel/energy consumption starts to increase rapidly when the driver tries to accelerate in the fast lane of a motorway? Using principle of the conservation of energy, explain how the wind moves turbine and produces electrical energy.

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