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IGCSE Chemistry Alcohol , Carboxlic Acids , Polymers

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Published in: Chemistry
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Here we will discussed about alcohol , carboxlic acids and the functional of the polymers

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  1. EARN CHEMISTRY WITH BABAR IGCS CHEMISTRY ORGANIC 2 ALC HOL , CARBOXLIC ACID POLYMERS CAM RIDGE , EDXCEL , AQA OX ORD
  2. OF PROOUCTAON Fermentation of Aqueous Glucose (for Ethanol) Yeast is added to dissolved glucose. The products ethanol, carbon dioxide, and the temperature between 25-35 oc are used for optimal enzyme activity. The slow reaction produces a dilute solution that requires processing. Can only be produced in batches Produces greenhouse gas (C02) Uses renewable resources Catalytic Addition of Steam to Ethene The ethene reacts with steam (reversibly) to form ethanol in the following conditions: 3000C, 60 atm (6000 kPa) \n Catalyst - phosphoric acid [while low temp. Gives better yield, high temp. is used for a faster rate of reaction] The fast reaction produces pure ethanol. Continuous production (no batches) No greenhouse pollutants Uses non-renewable resources (crude oil)
  3. CARBOXYLAC ACÅOS c-é' H— c-d' H-C-C- General formula: Functional group: Ethanoic acid Butanoic acids C H COOH n 2n+1 COOH H H H o o O-H
  4. Alcoholic Drinks. @ Industrial methylated spirits. Use of ethanol as a fuel. Ethanol as a solvent. Methanol as a fuel. Methanol as an industrial feedstock. Contributors.
  5. PROPERTAES OF ACAO Weak acid with high pH and low dissociation Formed by: • Bacterial Oxidation of Ethanol (Vinegar Production) With acidified aqueous potassium manganate (Vll) (Good Oxidising Agent) Carboxylic acids react with alcohols (with an acid catalyst/Heat) to give esters in a condensation reaction, for example: Ethanoic acid + ethanol e ethyl ethanoate + water (alcohol = -yl & carboxylic acid = -anoate) Carboxylic Acids also have different structural isomers.
  6. REACTAONS ACÅO (ETHANOAC Magnesium reacts with ethanoic acid to form magnesium ethanoate and hydrogen gas. 2CH3COOH + Mg (CH3COO)2Mg + 1-12 When ethanoic acid reacts with hydroxides, it will form salt and water (Neutralisation reaction) • CH3CH2COOH + KOH CH3CH2COOK + H20 When ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates, it will form salt, water, and carbon dioxide. • 2CH3CH2CH2COOH + K2C03 2CH3CH2CH2COOK + H20 + COz
  7. • Large molecules are built up from small units known as monomers. Monomers are a single unit of a substance. concentrated sulphuric acid H-C-C H 1-1-0 C-C—H c H + water
  8. PLASTOCS 9WTßCS FROM HOWEVER, NOT CAN BACK VO Small units (monomers) Polyester (PET) Polyamide & Protein Linkages Ester Amide
  9. PROPERTAES OF POLYMERS @ It can be moulded under heat and pressure due to its low density Low conductivity (retain heat) Resistant to corrosion Non-biodegradable and lead to plastic waste Environment Challenges caused by Plastics Disposal in Landfill sites Accumulation in Oceans Formations of toxic gases from burning
  10. AOOATAON POLYMERASATAON This only occurs in monomers that contain double carbon (C=C) bonds Polymers produced using alkene monomers Forms only a polymer molecule Poly(ethene): is a polymer produced from ethene by addition polymerisation poi yr-ner rnonorner unit
  11. CONOENSATAON POLYMERASATAON When two different monomers are linked together with the removal of a smaller molecule, usually water (forms one H20 molecules per linkage). Nylon (polyamide) is made from a dicarboxylic acid monomer and a diamine monomer (a compound with an NH2 functional group). Forms amide linkage

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