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Dubai

IGCSE Chemistry Environmental Chemistry

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Published in: Chemistry
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Here we will discuss with the water , air global warming , greenhouse affect etc

Babar M / Dubai

10 years of teaching experience

Qualification: Master of science in chemistry(MSC CHEMISTRY), Bachelors of science in Chemistry, ( BSC biology) Biology , A levels , o levels

Teaches: Biology, Chemistry, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, IGCSE/AS/AL, Science, Environmental Science, Maths, Home Science

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  1. EARN CHEMISTRY WITH BABAR IGCSEc MISTRY CHEMISTRY OF THE ENVIROMENT CAMBRID E, EDXCEL ,AQA , AND oxford
  2. Water from Natural Sources Water is an essential source in the natural world. However, with the changing world and massive urbanisation. Our water may contain substances such as: Dissolved Oxygen (this is important for aquatic life) Metal Compounds (Provide essential minerals for life - however, some are toxic) Plastics (harm aquatic life) Sewage (contains harmful microbes which cause diseases) Harmful microbes Nitrates from fertilisers Phosphate from fertilisers and detergents (leads to deoxygenation of water and damage to aquatic life (Eutrophication)
  3. CHEMUCAL VESTS OF WATER 2 3 Test Anhydrous Cobalt (Il) Chloride Anhydrous Copper (Il) Sulfate Type of test Chemical Chemical Test Melting and Physical Boiling Point Positive result It turns from blue to pink It turns from white to blue M.P at OOC and B.P at 1 oooc
  4. OF WATER Water is pumped into screens to remove solid, insoluble impurities. A sedimentation process makes small clay pieces stick together and are then removed. The water then undergoes filtration through layers of sand and gravel to remove larger, insoluble debris. Carbon is also added into filtered water to remove taste and odour. The chlorination process adds chlorine gas bubbled into the water to kill bacteria and other microbes; the acidic effect on the water is reversed by adding an alkali, sodium hydroxide. Step one and five, chlorine is added before going to domestic areas.
  5. Fertilisers: Substances added to the soil and taken up by plants to increase crop yield. Substances contain inside fertilisers are Ammonium Salts and Nitrates. Functions of Elements Nitrogen - Makes chlorophyll and protein. Promotes healthy leaves Phosphorus - Promotes healthy roots Potassium - Promotes growth and healthy fruits and flowers Reaction with any alkali substance (except ammonia) displaces ammonia from its compound, for example: Calcium hydroxide + Ammonium chloride —+ Calcium chloride + Ammonia + Water
  6. APR ANO The pie chart below presents the components present in clean air: Primary: Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%) Secondary: Noble gases (mainly Argon) and Carbon Dioxide (1%)
  7. AR POLLUTANTS ANO Pollutant Carbon monoxide (CO) Carbon Dioxide (C02) Methane (CH4) Source Incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels (ex. Internal combustion engines) Complete Combustion of Carbon Containing Fuels Decomposition of vegetation and waste gases from digestion in animals Negative impact Binds with haemoglobin, constricting oxygen supply in cells; leads to fatigue/ death Increased global warming leads to climate change. Increased global warming leads to climate change.
  8. PMPACT OF GASES Short wavelength radiation from the Sun reaches the Earth's surface Some thermal energy is absorbed and heats oceans/lands Earth radiates some thermal energy as more prolonged wavelength radiation Greenhouse gases absorb some of the infrared radiation and re-emit in all directions Some infrared radiation comes back to Earth's surface, and this reduces the heat loss to space and leads to global warming
  9. STRATEGkS TO EFFECT OF Climate Change: planting trees, reducing livestock farming, decreasing the use of fossil fuels, increasing the use of hydrogen and renewable energy, e.g. wind, solar Acid Rain: use of catalytic converters in vehicles, reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide by using low-sulfur fuels and flue gas desulfurisation with calcium oxide
  10. *IOTOSYNTHESUS Photosynthesis: the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and using energy from light. Word Equation: Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen Balanced Chemical Equation: 6C02 + 61-420 —CH O + 602 6 12 6
  11. CATALYTAC CONVERTERS Present in car exhausts; contains transition metal catalysts of platinum and rhodium Aids redox reactions to neutralize toxic pollutants formed as a result of incomplete fuel combustion: (a) Carbon Monoxide, (b) Nitrogen Oxides, (c) Unburned hydrocarbons Reaction equations: (a) 2C0+ 02 2C02 (b) 2NO+ 2C0— N2+ 2C02 (c) + 121/202 8C02 + 91-420

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