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Dubai

IGCSE Chemistry Metals

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Published in: Chemistry
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Here we will discuss about the metals , non metals . alloys , Extraction method

Babar M / Dubai

10 years of teaching experience

Qualification: Master of science in chemistry(MSC CHEMISTRY), Bachelors of science in Chemistry, ( BSC biology) Biology , A levels , o levels

Teaches: Biology, Chemistry, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, IGCSE/AS/AL, Science, Environmental Science, Maths, Home Science

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  1. EARN CHEMISTRY WITH BABAR IGCSE CHEMISTRY METALS CAMBRIDGE , OXFORD AQA
  2. Physical Properties Good conductors of heat and electricity Lustrous Malleable and Ductile High densities and High Melting Points Solids at room temperature (except mercury is liquid)
  3. CHE/V*UC" Chemical Properties Metals + Acids Salt + Hydrogen Metal + Oxygen —Y Metal Oxide Metal + Water Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen Metal + Steam -9 Metal Oxide + Hydrogen
  4. Physical Properties Poor thermal conductor Poor conductor of electricity (Except graphite) Low Density and Low Melting Point Brittle and not malleable Solids and gases at room temperature (bromine is liquid)
  5. Aluminium • Manufacture of Aircraft/Cars (Low density) • Food Containers (Resistant to corrosion) • Overhead electrical cable (Good conductor of electricity/ ductile) Zinc • Galvanizes Iron = coats it to stop it from rusting (protective coating) • A loys - brass/bronze • Batteries • Sacrificial Protection
  6. ANO Alloy: a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and non-metal Alloys are useful because they are harder and stronger/useful than pure metal; they can also resist rusting with air and water. Due to the irregularity in atom sizes and structure, metal alloys, which stop layers from sliding over each other, are stronger.
  7. Sr no Alloy Brass Stainless steel Made from Copper and zinc Iron, carbon, chromium and nickel Special Properties Stronger and Uses Electric al more resistant fittings, to car corrosion/rusti radiator ng s Kitchen sinks, resistant to cutlery, corrosion/rusti surgical ng instrum ents
  8. SERAES ORDER OF REACTAVPVV) K - Potassium Na - Sodium Ca — Calcium Mg — Magnesium Al — Aluminum C — Carbon Zn — Zinc Fe — Iron Pb — Lead H — Hydrogen Cu — Copper Ag — Silver Au — Gold Everything above hydrogen can displace hydrogen from its acid, and hydrogen cannot reduce its oxides. Water: 1. metal + cold water metal hydroxide + hydrogen 2. metal + steam -+ metal oxide + hydrogen Oxygen: metal + oxygen —+ metal oxide
  9. OASPLACEMENT REACTOONS Displacement Reactions @ In these reactions, metals compete for oxygen or anions Oxidisation is the loss of electrons Reduction is the gain of electrons The more reactive metal will displace the less reactive metal from oxygen or an anion. @ If the more reactive metal has oxygen or an anion, no reaction occurs The bigger the difference in reactivity between the two metals, the faster the reaction Example: Mg + 02 2MgOHere magnesium is oxidised while the oxygen atom is reduced
  10. CORROSAON OF METALS Rustin : the corrosion of iron and steel to form rust (hydrated iron (Il ) oxide) via oxidation The conditions for rusting to occur: Water Air containing oxygen The Equation for Rusting of Iron o Iron + Water + Oxygen Hydrated Iron (Ill) Oxide4Fe (s) + 2H20 (l) + 302 (g) —+ 2Fe203•H20 (s)Two Ways of Preventing Rust Barrier Method • Coating a material to prevent the iron/steel from being in contact with water and oxygen (Painting, Greasing & Plastic Coating) Sacrificial Method When more reactive metals corrode to less reactive metals, they lose electrons in preference to iron. Galvanisation of Iron o It is the protection of iron and steel objects by coating them with a layer of zinc.
  11. OF The main ore of Aluminium Oxide is bauxite Aluminum (Ill) oxide (alumina) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) - this mixture has a lower melting point (industrially preferred) During electrolysis, aluminium ( A13+ + 3e- •Al ) is produced at the carbon cathode, and oxygen (202- —y 02 + 4e-) at the carbon anode. Molten Cryolite High temperatures are needed to melt, which is expensive. Therefore, molten cryolite lowers the melting point/operating temperature and increases conductivity. Due to the high temperature, the oxygen reacts with the carbon in the graphite anode to form C02, so the anode must be periodically replaced.
  12. EXTRACTAON OF carbon cathode molten aluminium O carbon anode steel cell molten cryolite+ Al ore
  13. OS to FROM GOU TO POTASSOUWÅ (EX9ENSßVE) Metal K - Potassium Na - Sodium Ca — Calcium Mg — Magnesium Al — Aluminum Zn — Zinc Fe — Iron Pb — Lead Cu — Copper Ag — Silver Au — Gold Extraction Method Reduction via electrolysis Carbon Reducing by Carbon Hydrogen Occur naturally
  14. OF Ore haematite (Fe203) + Impurities Burning of coke (Carbon) to provide heat and produce carbon dioxide Ore is crushed and mixed with carbon and limestone (CaC03) and transferred into the blast furnace C + 02 -+ C02 (exothermic) caC03 -+ CaO + C02 (thermal decomposition)
  15. OF Carbon monoxide reduces Iron(lll) oxide from the ore to iron Fe203 + 3CO -+ 2Fe + 3C02 The Calcium oxide reacts with impurities like silica to form slag (a waste product) CaO + Si02+ caSi03 Uses of slag include making roads and cemen
  16. OF molten slag outlet for iron waste gases irm ore, coke and limestone firebrick lining hot air outlet for slag molten iron

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