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TOPIC 3 .1 IGCSE BONDING OF ELEMENTS

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Published in: Chemistry
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Here we will discuss abouts ionic bond , covalent bond , metalic bond and there properties

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  1. ARN CHEMISTRY WITH BABAR TOPIC 3 BONDIND OF AN ELEME -rs AND ITS TYPE THIST PIC FOR CAMBR GE , AQA, EDXCE AND OXFORD . Phno :0555736982 , UBAI , UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
  2. WG4AT uS ? A chemical bond involves atoms combining to form chemical compounds and bring stability to the resulting product. @ In this process, atoms can share or give up electrons from their outermost shell to bond and create a new homogeneous substance. for example ; Cl 2, 1-12, NH3 etc
  3. Why form chemical bonds? The basic answer is that atoms are trying to reach the most stable (lowest-energy) state that they can. Many atoms become stable when their valence shell is filled with electrons or when they satisfy the octet rule (by having eight valence electrons).
  4. OF OONOANG IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND 2. 3 . METALIC BOND 4 CORDINATE COVALENT BOND
  5. BONOßNG •A chemical bond is formed between two atoms by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other as a result of which the atoms attain their nearest inert aas configuratioN
  6. WOW METALS has the ability to loss the electron to make the positive ion positive ions are called cations o loss of electron make the cations CATIONS + le Non metals has the ability to gain the electron to make the negative ion Negative ions are called anions Gain of electron make the anions Cl + le ANIONS
  7. Ionic bonding in sodium chloride um ion, Na+ = Chloride ion, chloride. om sodium sa zomes a ad 2 ther and dium
  8. NO BONO Magnesium oxide is another ionic compound that forms when outer-shell electrons move between atoms. The metal oxide forms as metallic magnesium atoms lose two outer-shell electrons and turn into M g 2 + ions. These electrons combine with reactant oxygen atoms that becomeO 2czTons as they gaiöthe•ost elect
  9. OF BONO @ Ionic compounds have high melting as well as boiling points. They are hard and brittle in nature. They are good insulators. They conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
  10. WG4AT uS COV"ENT covalent bond is formed by the equal sharing of electrons from both participating atoms. The pair of electrons participating in this type of bonding is called a shared pair or bonding pair. Covalent bonds are also called molecular bonds. Sharing of bonding pairs will ensure that the atoms achieve stability in their outer shell, which is similar to the atoms of noble gases.
  11. HYDROGEN CHLORINE HYDROGEN CHLORIDE HCI sho s how covalent bond is formed in hydrogen and the chlorine
  12. PROPERTAES OF COVALENT Because of the lack of free electrons covalently bonded compounds do not conduct e(ectricity. Generally covalent compounds are not soluble in water. They are strong chemical bonds that exist between atoms. Most covalently bonded compounds have relatively low melting and boiling points. Compounds with covalent bonds usually have a lower enthalpy of vaporization (heat consumed or discharged when matter disintegrates, changing state from fluid to gas state at a consistent temperature) and enthalpy of fusion (heat consumed or discharged when matter melts, changing stage from solid to fluid-structure at a consistent temperature.)
  13. WG4AT uS Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding and is responsible for several characteristic properties of metals such as their shiny lustre, their malleability, and their conductivities for heat and electricity. @ It has free electron to move out that are resposible for the current
  14. Metallic Bonding bonding occurs when a group of metal a shares a cloud of valence electrons. HOW METALIC BOND OCCURES e way that metal atoms are kept together within a metal material. A metallic bond is a type of chemical bond similar to a covalent bond. Atoms in metals are held together by forces caused by the valence electrons.
  15. A delocalised electron is not associated with a single atom or a covalent bond. An electron is said to be delocalised if it is free to move because it is not involved in a bond. A positive metal ion is formed when a metal atom loses electrons. An example of a positive metal ion is Na+ or Ca2A metallic bond is the attraction between delocalised electrons and positive ions
  16. COOROANATE A Co-ordinate bond is a type of alternate covalent bond that is formed by sharing of an electron pair from a single atom. Both shared electrons are donated by the same atom. It is also called a dative bond or dipolar bond
  17. CHARACTACS OF COOROANATE @ In this type of bonding, the atom that shares an electron pair from itself is termed as the donor. The other atom which accepts these shared pair of electrons is known as a receptor or acceptor. The bond is represented with an arrow 9, pointing towards the acceptor from the donor atom. After sharing of electron pairs, each atom gets stability. This type of bonding is central to the Lewis theory. Getting a good understanding of co-ordinate covalent bonds can help in properly designing complex organic molecules.

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