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Dubai

ANIMAL'S AND PLANT'S CELL

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Published in: Biology
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Dear Students, in these notes you will be able to find all about Cell Theory , sturcture of animal's and plant's cell. Organelles and their functions . Differences among prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Wardah M / Dubai

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  1. Cell Structur & Function By Wardah Muhammad
  2. The Cell •A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Amoeba Proteus Bacteria Nerve Cell Plant Stem Red Blood
  3. Microscopes and Cells , 1600's. -Anton van Leeuwenhoek first described living cells as seen through a simple microscope. •Corbis xo m
  4. Microscopes and Cells -Robert Hooke first used a compound microscope to view thinly sliced cork cells. Corbis.com •Compound scopes use a series of lenses to magnify in steps. •Hooke was the first to use the term "cell".
  5. Microscopes and Cells 1830's. -Mathias Schleiden identified the first plant cells and concluded that all plants are made of cells. - Thomas Schwann made the same conclusion about animal cells.
  6. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of 1 or more cells. 2. Cells are the smallest workinq units of all living things. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division. O
  7. Number of Cells Organisms may be: • Unicellular- composed of 1 cell OR • Multicellular- made of many cells
  8. Cells can be Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic •Prokaryotes :do not have a nucleus or organelles (bacteria). •Eukaryotes: have a nucleus and organelles (plants, fungi, animals, protists)
  9. Organelles • Cell structures that have a specific function and are surrounded by a membrane that are found in eukaryotes only.
  10. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic prokaryotic Cell Structure Anatomy Of the Animal Cell Mitochondria cell wall Cytoplasmic Membrane Figure 1 Cytoplasm Nucleoid Flagella Microfilaments Lysosome Peroxisome Micro G019i pparatus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Nuclear pores Plasma Nuclear Envelope Chromatin Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Figure 1
  11. Prokaryotic Cells prokaryotic Cell Structure Cytoplasm Nucleoid cell wall Cytoplasmic Membrane Pili Flagella Figure 1 Believed to be the first cells to evolve. Lack a membrane bound nucleus and organelles. Genetic material is free in the cytoplasm Ribosomes are only other cell structure.
  12. Eukaryotic • 2 major types of eukaryotic cells- Plant and Animal cells Plant Vacuole Nudeus Nudsolus m smbrane Golgi Chloropla%chondrion LEO 50 me Mitochondrion Oil rremra ne Ribosomes Cell wall http Y/library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_ cells. html Animal Cytesbleton Gobiapparavus Fhgellum trøbs Nuebus C iln Ribosort—
  13. Cell Structures & Functions
  14. Cell Wall Found outside of the cell membrane in plant cells & bacteria only Contains cellulose that provides support (rigidity) & protection
  15. Cell or Plasma Membrane Outer membrane of cells that controls movement of substances in and out of the cell Double layer (bi-layer) • In plants and bacteria, this is within the cell wall.
  16. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture inside cells • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains cell structure that carry out specific jobs ex. Mitochondrion, nucleus • Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place
  17. Nucleoid prokaryotic Cell Structure Cytoplasm Nucleoid cell wall Cytoplasmic Membrane Pili Flagella Figure 1 • In prokaryotes. Region of the cytoplasm where chromosomal DNA is located. Singular, circular chromosome. Smaller circles of DNA called plasmids are also located in cytoplasm.
  18. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell cytoplasm C cc cc
  19. Organelles
  20. Nucleus The Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Chromosomes Figure I Nuclear Pores Chromatin • "Control center" Directs cell activities Contains the genetic material (DNA) Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane (or nuclear envelope).
  21. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus, separates DNA from cytoplasm Made of two layers • Openings called pores allow some materials to enter and leave nucleus
  22. CHROMATIN Chromatin • In nucleus Genetic material (DNA) of cell in its non-dividing state. CHROMOSOMES • le. Uncoiled chromosomes Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
  23. Nucleolus Dark-staining structure in the nucleus Makes ribosomes that make proteins Figure 1 Nucleolus
  24. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Figure 1 Ribosomes Network of continuous sacs, studded with ribosomes. Internal delivery system of the cell. Manufactures, pro- cesses, and transports proteins for export from cell. Continuous with nuclear envelope.
  25. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Similar in appearance to rough ER, but without the ribosomes. Produces lipids, involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification of drugs and poisons. ER
  26. Golgi Apparatus Protein 'packaging plant' Modifies proteins and lipids made by the ER and prepares them for export from the cell. Encloses digestive enyzymes into membranes to form lysosomes (transport pods).
  27. Lysosome Structure Single-Wall Membrane Enzyme Complexes Figure I Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Digestive enzymes break down cellular waste and debris Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
  28. Mitochondria Cell "powerhouse" Membrane bound organelles that are the site of cellular respiration (use glucose to produce cell energy, ATP) Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria Mitochondria Inner Structure Inner Membrane Outer Membrane Cristae Ma x Figure I
  29. Animal Vacuole Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution
  30. Plant Vacuole Plant Vacuole 6 .1. Figure 1 Plants have large central vacuoles that store water and nutrients needed by the cell. Help support the shape of the cell.
  31. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green pigment chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place Produces plant food (sugars) and oxygen gas
  32. Cilia Cilia and Flagella Flagella • External appendages from the cell membrane that aid in locomotion (movement) of the cell. • Cilia also help to move substance past the membrane.
  33. Centrioles Centriole Structure Figure 1 Triplet Microtubules Found only in animal cells. Self-replicating Made of bundles of microtubules. Help in organizing cell division.
  34. Cytoskeleton • The cell's skeleton • Made of microtubules and filaments • Give the cell shape, strength and ability to move

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