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Note On Immunity And Infectious Disease Worksheet

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Published in: Biology
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Immunity and Infectious disease worksheet

Areesha A / Dubai

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  1. Name: Immunity and Infectious diseases Class: (ii) (iii) The hybridoma method for the production of monoclonal antibodies involves a number of stages. One of these stages is the formation of hybridoma cells. Outline the stage in which hybridoma cells are formed. Outline the use of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of disease. „ [31
  2. (b) The World Health Organization (WHO) collects data about cholera from the 194 countries that are members of the World Health Assembly (WHA). In 2015: there were cases Of cholera in 42 Of the member countries Of the WHA • the total number of cases of cholera reported was 172 454 there were deaths as a result Of cholera in 23 Of these countries the total number of deaths from cholera reported was 1304. The case fatality rate for cholera is the proportion Of cases Of cholera that results in death within a particular time period. A country with cases of cholera that are properly treated should have a case fatality rate of less than 1%. Calculate the case fatality rate for the 42 member countries Of the WHA for 2015. Give your answer to the nearest 0.1 case fatality rate = . (ii) Many Of the 23 countries reporting deaths from cholera in 2015 had a case fatality rate Of less than 1%. However, two of the 23 countries had case fatality rates greater than 5%. Suggest two explanations for the higher case fatality rate in these two countries. (c) In 2010, the country of Haiti experienced a major earthquake. This led to an outbreak of cholera. (i) Explain why an earthquake may lead to a cholera outbreak.
  3. (ii) Fig. 4.2 shows data about cholera collected by WHO over a period of 8 years, from 2008 to 2015. These data include: the total number Of cases Of cholera for each year the number Of countries in each year that had cases Of cholera. 700000 600000 500000 number of cases 400000 300000 200000 100000 2008 2009 2010 70 60 50 number of countries 2011 2012 2013 2014 40 30 20 10 2015 Fig. 4.2 Comment on the trends shown in Fig. 4.2. Key number Of number Of countries (31

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