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Chemistry For Grade 10 - Carbon And Its Compounds

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Published in: Chemistry
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Here we are describing the versatility of carbon.

Seeja R / Sharjah

3 years of teaching experience

Qualification: MSc (Applied Chemistry) , BEd ( Physical Science), Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) by Govt. of India

Teaches: Chemistry, English

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  1. CHEMISTRY- GRADE 10 CHAPTER - CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS SUB TOPIC - VERSATILE NATURE OF CARBON Symbol —C Type of Element — Non-metal Group — 14th Position in the periodic table — p block Atomic Number — 6 Mass Number— 12 It can be represented as C612 Electrons — 6 Protons — 6 Neutrons —6 Carbon Electronic configuration is 2,4 (K= 2, L= 4) Number of valence electrons= 4 ( Valence electrons is the number of electrons in the outermost shell of the element) Valency = 4 ( Valency is the combining power of an element) Carbon is present in the earth's crust and in the atmosphere .ln addition, all living structures are carbon based . The versatile nature of carbon is due to its two unique properties, 1. Tetravalency 2. Catenation Because of these two properties, carbon forms a large number of compounds. 1. Tetravalency Tetra means four and valency is the combining capacity of an element. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of
  2. bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent elements through covalent bonding. 2. Catenation Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules. This property is called catenation. These compounds may have chains, branched chains or even rings of carbon atoms. No other element exhibits the property of catenation to the extent seen in carbon compounds. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 1)State two properties of carbon which lead to a huge number of carbon compounds we see around us. a) Catenation b) Tetravalency 2)Why does carbon form large number of compounds? Give two reasons. Carbon forms large number of compounds due to the following properties: ' Catenation: Carbon form bonds with other carbon atoms. ' Tetravalency : Carbon share four electrons with other carbon atoms. 3)Why is it not easy for carbon to take part in the formation of ionic compounds? In order to form ionic bond, carbon atom has to either lose four electrons to form C4+ ion or gain four electrons to form C4- ions. The loss or gain of electrons is not easy for carbon since energy needed is very high.
  3. 4)Explain why carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding. Being tetravalent, carbon is neither capable of losing all of its four valence electrons nor it can easily accept four electrons to complete its octet. If carbon were to gain or loss electrons: ' It could gain four electrons forming C4-(anion). But it will be difficult for the nucleus with six protons to hold on to ten electrons, that is, four extra electrons. ' It could lose four electrons forming C4+(cation). But it will require a large amount of energy to remove four electrons leaving behind a carbon cation with six protons in its nucleus holding on to just two electrons. Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements. That is why carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding.

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